Help is available by moving the cursor above any 
symbol or by checking MAQAO website.
[ 4 / 4 ] Application profile is long enough (300.65 s)
To have good quality measurements, it is advised that the application profiling time is greater than 10 seconds.
[ 0 / 3 ] Some functions are compiled with a low optimization level (O0 or O1)
To have better performances, it is advised to help the compiler by using a proper optimization level (-O2 of higher). Warning, depending on compilers, faster optimization levels can decrease numeric accuracy.
[ 0 / 3 ] Most of time spent in analyzed modules comes from functions without compilation information
Functions without compilation information (typically not compiled with -g and -grecord-gcc-switches) cumulate 100.00% of the time spent in analyzed modules. Check that -g and -grecord-gcc-switches are present. Remark: if -g and -grecord-gcc-switches are indeed used, this can also be due to some compiler built-in functions (typically math) or statically linked libraries. This warning can be ignored in that case.
[ 3 / 3 ] Host configuration allows retrieval of all necessary metrics.
[ 0 / 3 ] Compilation of some functions is not optimized for the target processor
Architecture specific options are needed to produce efficient code for a specific processor ( -x(target) or -ax(target) ).
[ 2 / 2 ] Application is correctly profiled ("Others" category represents 0.00 % of the execution time)
To have a representative profiling, it is advised that the category "Others" represents less than 20% of the execution time in order to analyze as much as possible of the user code
[ 1 / 1 ] Lstopo present. The Topology lstopo report will be generated.
[ 0 / 0 ] Fastmath not used
Consider to add ffast-math to compilation flags (or replace -O3 with -Ofast) to unlock potential extra speedup by relaxing floating-point computation consistency. Warning: floating-point accuracy may be reduced and the compliance to IEEE/ISO rules/specifications for math functions will be relaxed, typically 'errno' will no longer be set after calling some math functions.
[ 4 / 4 ] Enough time of the experiment time spent in analyzed loops (100.00%)
If the time spent in analyzed loops is less than 30%, standard loop optimizations will have a limited impact on application performances.
[ 4 / 4 ] Threads activity is good
On average, more than 99.49% of observed threads are actually active
[ 4 / 4 ] CPU activity is good
CPU cores are active 99.49% of time
[ 4 / 4 ] Loop profile is not flat
At least one loop coverage is greater than 4% (97.57%), representing an hotspot for the application
[ 4 / 4 ] Enough time of the experiment time spent in analyzed innermost loops (97.57%)
If the time spent in analyzed innermost loops is less than 15%, standard innermost loop optimizations such as vectorisation will have a limited impact on application performances.
[ 3 / 4 ] Affinity stability is lower than 90% (70.77%)
Threads are often migrating to other CPU cores/threads. For OpenMP, typically set (OMP_PLACES=cores OMP_PROC_BIND=close) or (OMP_PLACES=threads OMP_PROC_BIND=spread). With OpenMPI + OpenMP, use --bind-to core --map-by node:PE=$OMP_NUM_THREADS --report-bindings. With IntelMPI + OpenMP, set I_MPI_PIN_DOMAIN=omp:compact or I_MPI_PIN_DOMAIN=omp:scatter and use -print-rank-map.
[ 3 / 3 ] Less than 10% (0.00%) is spend in BLAS1 operations
It could be more efficient to inline by hand BLAS1 operations
[ 3 / 3 ] Functions mostly use all threads
Functions running on a reduced number of threads (typically sequential code) cover less than 10% of application walltime (0.00%)
[ 3 / 3 ] Cumulative Outermost/In between loops coverage (2.43%) lower than cumulative innermost loop coverage (97.57%)
Having cumulative Outermost/In between loops coverage greater than cumulative innermost loop coverage will make loop optimization more complex
[ 2 / 2 ] Less than 10% (0.00%) is spend in BLAS2 operations
BLAS2 calls usually could make a poor cache usage and could benefit from inlining.
[ 2 / 2 ] Less than 10% (0.00%) is spend in Libm/SVML (special functions)
| Loop ID | Analysis | Penalty Score |
|---|---|---|
| ►Loop 9 - kmeans-clang-O3-ffast-math | Execution Time: 97 % - Vectorization Ratio: 55.00 % - Vector Length Use: 18.59 % | |
| ►Loop Computation Issues | 6 | |
| ○ | [SA] Less than 10% of the FP ADD/SUB/MUL arithmetic operations are performed using FMA - Reorganize arithmetic expressions to exhibit potential for FMA. This issue costs 4 points. | 4 |
| ○ | [SA] Presence of a large number of scalar integer instructions - Simplify loop structure, perform loop splitting or perform unroll and jam. This issue costs 2 points. | 2 |
| ►Control Flow Issues | 2 | |
| ○ | [SA] Several paths (2 paths) - Simplify control structure or force the compiler to use masked instructions. There are 2 issues ( = paths) costing 1 point each. | 2 |
| ►Data Access Issues | 1 | |
| ○ | [SA] Presence of special instructions executing on a single port (SHUFFLE/PERM) - Simplify data access and try to get stride 1 access. There are 1 issues (= instructions) costing 1 point each. | 1 |
| ►Vectorization Roadblocks | 2 | |
| ○ | [SA] Several paths (2 paths) - Simplify control structure or force the compiler to use masked instructions. There are 2 issues ( = paths) costing 1 point each. | 2 |
| ►Inefficient Vectorization | 1 | |
| ○ | [SA] Presence of special instructions executing on a single port (SHUFFLE/PERM) - Simplify data access and try to get stride 1 access. There are 1 issues (= instructions) costing 1 point each. | 1 |
| ►Loop 8 - kmeans-clang-O3-ffast-math | Execution Time: 2 % - Vectorization Ratio: 22.22 % - Vector Length Use: 12.85 % | |
| ►Loop Computation Issues | 2 | |
| ○ | [SA] Presence of a large number of scalar integer instructions - Simplify loop structure, perform loop splitting or perform unroll and jam. This issue costs 2 points. | 2 |
| ►Control Flow Issues | 5 | |
| ○ | [SA] Several paths (3 paths) - Simplify control structure or force the compiler to use masked instructions. There are 3 issues ( = paths) costing 1 point each. | 3 |
| ○ | [SA] Non innermost loop (InBetween) - Collapse loop with innermost ones. This issue costs 2 points. | 2 |
| ►Data Access Issues | 2 | |
| ○ | [SA] More than 20% of the loads are accessing the stack - Perform loop splitting to decrease pressure on registers. This issue costs 2 points. | 2 |
| ►Vectorization Roadblocks | 5 | |
| ○ | [SA] Several paths (3 paths) - Simplify control structure or force the compiler to use masked instructions. There are 3 issues ( = paths) costing 1 point each. | 3 |
| ○ | [SA] Non innermost loop (InBetween) - Collapse loop with innermost ones. This issue costs 2 points. | 2 |
[ 4 / 4 ] Application profile is long enough (218.89 s)
To have good quality measurements, it is advised that the application profiling time is greater than 10 seconds.
[ 0 / 3 ] Some functions are compiled with a low optimization level (O0 or O1)
To have better performances, it is advised to help the compiler by using a proper optimization level (-O2 of higher). Warning, depending on compilers, faster optimization levels can decrease numeric accuracy.
[ 0 / 3 ] Most of time spent in analyzed modules comes from functions without compilation information
Functions without compilation information (typically not compiled with -g and -grecord-gcc-switches) cumulate 100.00% of the time spent in analyzed modules. Check that -g and -grecord-gcc-switches are present. Remark: if -g and -grecord-gcc-switches are indeed used, this can also be due to some compiler built-in functions (typically math) or statically linked libraries. This warning can be ignored in that case.
[ 3 / 3 ] Host configuration allows retrieval of all necessary metrics.
[ 0 / 3 ] Compilation of some functions is not optimized for the target processor
Architecture specific options are needed to produce efficient code for a specific processor ( -x(target) or -ax(target) ).
[ 2 / 2 ] Application is correctly profiled ("Others" category represents 0.00 % of the execution time)
To have a representative profiling, it is advised that the category "Others" represents less than 20% of the execution time in order to analyze as much as possible of the user code
[ 1 / 1 ] Lstopo present. The Topology lstopo report will be generated.
[ 0 / 0 ] Fastmath not used
Consider to add ffast-math to compilation flags (or replace -O3 with -Ofast) to unlock potential extra speedup by relaxing floating-point computation consistency. Warning: floating-point accuracy may be reduced and the compliance to IEEE/ISO rules/specifications for math functions will be relaxed, typically 'errno' will no longer be set after calling some math functions.
[ 4 / 4 ] Enough time of the experiment time spent in analyzed loops (73.10%)
If the time spent in analyzed loops is less than 30%, standard loop optimizations will have a limited impact on application performances.
[ 4 / 4 ] Threads activity is good
On average, more than 150.65% of observed threads are actually active
[ 4 / 4 ] CPU activity is good
CPU cores are active 90.03% of time
[ 4 / 4 ] Loop profile is not flat
At least one loop coverage is greater than 4% (69.55%), representing an hotspot for the application
[ 4 / 4 ] Enough time of the experiment time spent in analyzed innermost loops (69.55%)
If the time spent in analyzed innermost loops is less than 15%, standard innermost loop optimizations such as vectorisation will have a limited impact on application performances.
[ 3 / 4 ] Affinity stability is lower than 90% (80.09%)
Threads are often migrating to other CPU cores/threads. For OpenMP, typically set (OMP_PLACES=cores OMP_PROC_BIND=close) or (OMP_PLACES=threads OMP_PROC_BIND=spread). With OpenMPI + OpenMP, use --bind-to core --map-by node:PE=$OMP_NUM_THREADS --report-bindings. With IntelMPI + OpenMP, set I_MPI_PIN_DOMAIN=omp:compact or I_MPI_PIN_DOMAIN=omp:scatter and use -print-rank-map.
[ 3 / 3 ] Less than 10% (0.00%) is spend in BLAS1 operations
It could be more efficient to inline by hand BLAS1 operations
[ 3 / 3 ] Functions mostly use all threads
Functions running on a reduced number of threads (typically sequential code) cover less than 10% of application walltime (0.00%)
[ 3 / 3 ] Cumulative Outermost/In between loops coverage (3.56%) lower than cumulative innermost loop coverage (69.55%)
Having cumulative Outermost/In between loops coverage greater than cumulative innermost loop coverage will make loop optimization more complex
[ 2 / 2 ] Less than 10% (0.00%) is spend in BLAS2 operations
BLAS2 calls usually could make a poor cache usage and could benefit from inlining.
[ 2 / 2 ] Less than 10% (0.00%) is spend in Libm/SVML (special functions)
| Loop ID | Analysis | Penalty Score |
|---|---|---|
| ►Loop 9 - kmeans-clang-O3-ffast-math | Execution Time: 69 % - Vectorization Ratio: 55.00 % - Vector Length Use: 18.59 % | |
| ►Loop Computation Issues | 6 | |
| ○ | [SA] Less than 10% of the FP ADD/SUB/MUL arithmetic operations are performed using FMA - Reorganize arithmetic expressions to exhibit potential for FMA. This issue costs 4 points. | 4 |
| ○ | [SA] Presence of a large number of scalar integer instructions - Simplify loop structure, perform loop splitting or perform unroll and jam. This issue costs 2 points. | 2 |
| ►Control Flow Issues | 2 | |
| ○ | [SA] Several paths (2 paths) - Simplify control structure or force the compiler to use masked instructions. There are 2 issues ( = paths) costing 1 point each. | 2 |
| ►Data Access Issues | 1 | |
| ○ | [SA] Presence of special instructions executing on a single port (SHUFFLE/PERM) - Simplify data access and try to get stride 1 access. There are 1 issues (= instructions) costing 1 point each. | 1 |
| ►Vectorization Roadblocks | 2 | |
| ○ | [SA] Several paths (2 paths) - Simplify control structure or force the compiler to use masked instructions. There are 2 issues ( = paths) costing 1 point each. | 2 |
| ►Inefficient Vectorization | 1 | |
| ○ | [SA] Presence of special instructions executing on a single port (SHUFFLE/PERM) - Simplify data access and try to get stride 1 access. There are 1 issues (= instructions) costing 1 point each. | 1 |
| ►Loop 7 - kmeans-clang-O3-ffast-math | Execution Time: 2 % - Vectorization Ratio: 0.00 % - Vector Length Use: 8.93 % | |
| ►Loop Computation Issues | 2 | |
| ○ | [SA] Presence of a large number of scalar integer instructions - Simplify loop structure, perform loop splitting or perform unroll and jam. This issue costs 2 points. | 2 |
| ►Control Flow Issues | 12 | |
| ○ | [SA] Presence of calls - Inline either by compiler or by hand and use SVML for libm calls. There are 1 issues (= calls) costing 1 point each. | 1 |
| ○ | [SA] Too many paths (5 paths) - Simplify control structure. There are 5 issues ( = paths) costing 1 point each with a malus of 4 points. | 9 |
| ○ | [SA] Non innermost loop (Outermost) - Collapse loop with innermost ones. This issue costs 2 points. | 2 |
| ►Data Access Issues | 2 | |
| ○ | [SA] More than 20% of the loads are accessing the stack - Perform loop splitting to decrease pressure on registers. This issue costs 2 points. | 2 |
| ►Vectorization Roadblocks | 12 | |
| ○ | [SA] Presence of calls - Inline either by compiler or by hand and use SVML for libm calls. There are 1 issues (= calls) costing 1 point each. | 1 |
| ○ | [SA] Too many paths (5 paths) - Simplify control structure. There are 5 issues ( = paths) costing 1 point each with a malus of 4 points. | 9 |
| ○ | [SA] Non innermost loop (Outermost) - Collapse loop with innermost ones. This issue costs 2 points. | 2 |
| ►Loop 8 - kmeans-clang-O3-ffast-math | Execution Time: 1 % - Vectorization Ratio: 22.22 % - Vector Length Use: 12.85 % | |
| ►Loop Computation Issues | 2 | |
| ○ | [SA] Presence of a large number of scalar integer instructions - Simplify loop structure, perform loop splitting or perform unroll and jam. This issue costs 2 points. | 2 |
| ►Control Flow Issues | 5 | |
| ○ | [SA] Several paths (3 paths) - Simplify control structure or force the compiler to use masked instructions. There are 3 issues ( = paths) costing 1 point each. | 3 |
| ○ | [SA] Non innermost loop (InBetween) - Collapse loop with innermost ones. This issue costs 2 points. | 2 |
| ►Data Access Issues | 2 | |
| ○ | [SA] More than 20% of the loads are accessing the stack - Perform loop splitting to decrease pressure on registers. This issue costs 2 points. | 2 |
| ►Vectorization Roadblocks | 5 | |
| ○ | [SA] Several paths (3 paths) - Simplify control structure or force the compiler to use masked instructions. There are 3 issues ( = paths) costing 1 point each. | 3 |
| ○ | [SA] Non innermost loop (InBetween) - Collapse loop with innermost ones. This issue costs 2 points. | 2 |
[ 4 / 4 ] Application profile is long enough (109.42 s)
To have good quality measurements, it is advised that the application profiling time is greater than 10 seconds.
[ 0 / 3 ] Some functions are compiled with a low optimization level (O0 or O1)
To have better performances, it is advised to help the compiler by using a proper optimization level (-O2 of higher). Warning, depending on compilers, faster optimization levels can decrease numeric accuracy.
[ 0 / 3 ] Most of time spent in analyzed modules comes from functions without compilation information
Functions without compilation information (typically not compiled with -g and -grecord-gcc-switches) cumulate 100.00% of the time spent in analyzed modules. Check that -g and -grecord-gcc-switches are present. Remark: if -g and -grecord-gcc-switches are indeed used, this can also be due to some compiler built-in functions (typically math) or statically linked libraries. This warning can be ignored in that case.
[ 3 / 3 ] Host configuration allows retrieval of all necessary metrics.
[ 0 / 3 ] Compilation of some functions is not optimized for the target processor
Architecture specific options are needed to produce efficient code for a specific processor ( -x(target) or -ax(target) ).
[ 2 / 2 ] Application is correctly profiled ("Others" category represents 0.00 % of the execution time)
To have a representative profiling, it is advised that the category "Others" represents less than 20% of the execution time in order to analyze as much as possible of the user code
[ 1 / 1 ] Lstopo present. The Topology lstopo report will be generated.
[ 0 / 0 ] Fastmath not used
Consider to add ffast-math to compilation flags (or replace -O3 with -Ofast) to unlock potential extra speedup by relaxing floating-point computation consistency. Warning: floating-point accuracy may be reduced and the compliance to IEEE/ISO rules/specifications for math functions will be relaxed, typically 'errno' will no longer be set after calling some math functions.
[ 4 / 4 ] Enough time of the experiment time spent in analyzed loops (73.47%)
If the time spent in analyzed loops is less than 30%, standard loop optimizations will have a limited impact on application performances.
[ 4 / 4 ] Threads activity is good
On average, more than 215.07% of observed threads are actually active
[ 3 / 4 ] CPU activity is below 90% (85.25%)
CPU cores are idle more than 10% of time. Threads supposed to run on these cores are probably IO/sync waiting. Some hints: use faster filesystems to read/write data, improve parallel load balancing and/or scheduling.
[ 4 / 4 ] Loop profile is not flat
At least one loop coverage is greater than 4% (70.05%), representing an hotspot for the application
[ 4 / 4 ] Enough time of the experiment time spent in analyzed innermost loops (70.05%)
If the time spent in analyzed innermost loops is less than 15%, standard innermost loop optimizations such as vectorisation will have a limited impact on application performances.
[ 3 / 4 ] Affinity stability is lower than 90% (80.28%)
Threads are often migrating to other CPU cores/threads. For OpenMP, typically set (OMP_PLACES=cores OMP_PROC_BIND=close) or (OMP_PLACES=threads OMP_PROC_BIND=spread). With OpenMPI + OpenMP, use --bind-to core --map-by node:PE=$OMP_NUM_THREADS --report-bindings. With IntelMPI + OpenMP, set I_MPI_PIN_DOMAIN=omp:compact or I_MPI_PIN_DOMAIN=omp:scatter and use -print-rank-map.
[ 3 / 3 ] Less than 10% (0.00%) is spend in BLAS1 operations
It could be more efficient to inline by hand BLAS1 operations
[ 3 / 3 ] Functions mostly use all threads
Functions running on a reduced number of threads (typically sequential code) cover less than 10% of application walltime (0.01%)
[ 3 / 3 ] Cumulative Outermost/In between loops coverage (3.43%) lower than cumulative innermost loop coverage (70.05%)
Having cumulative Outermost/In between loops coverage greater than cumulative innermost loop coverage will make loop optimization more complex
[ 2 / 2 ] Less than 10% (0.00%) is spend in BLAS2 operations
BLAS2 calls usually could make a poor cache usage and could benefit from inlining.
[ 2 / 2 ] Less than 10% (0.00%) is spend in Libm/SVML (special functions)
| Loop ID | Analysis | Penalty Score |
|---|---|---|
| ►Loop 9 - kmeans-clang-O3-ffast-math | Execution Time: 70 % - Vectorization Ratio: 55.00 % - Vector Length Use: 18.59 % | |
| ►Loop Computation Issues | 6 | |
| ○ | [SA] Less than 10% of the FP ADD/SUB/MUL arithmetic operations are performed using FMA - Reorganize arithmetic expressions to exhibit potential for FMA. This issue costs 4 points. | 4 |
| ○ | [SA] Presence of a large number of scalar integer instructions - Simplify loop structure, perform loop splitting or perform unroll and jam. This issue costs 2 points. | 2 |
| ►Control Flow Issues | 2 | |
| ○ | [SA] Several paths (2 paths) - Simplify control structure or force the compiler to use masked instructions. There are 2 issues ( = paths) costing 1 point each. | 2 |
| ►Data Access Issues | 1 | |
| ○ | [SA] Presence of special instructions executing on a single port (SHUFFLE/PERM) - Simplify data access and try to get stride 1 access. There are 1 issues (= instructions) costing 1 point each. | 1 |
| ►Vectorization Roadblocks | 2 | |
| ○ | [SA] Several paths (2 paths) - Simplify control structure or force the compiler to use masked instructions. There are 2 issues ( = paths) costing 1 point each. | 2 |
| ►Inefficient Vectorization | 1 | |
| ○ | [SA] Presence of special instructions executing on a single port (SHUFFLE/PERM) - Simplify data access and try to get stride 1 access. There are 1 issues (= instructions) costing 1 point each. | 1 |
| ►Loop 7 - kmeans-clang-O3-ffast-math | Execution Time: 1 % - Vectorization Ratio: 0.00 % - Vector Length Use: 8.93 % | |
| ►Loop Computation Issues | 2 | |
| ○ | [SA] Presence of a large number of scalar integer instructions - Simplify loop structure, perform loop splitting or perform unroll and jam. This issue costs 2 points. | 2 |
| ►Control Flow Issues | 12 | |
| ○ | [SA] Presence of calls - Inline either by compiler or by hand and use SVML for libm calls. There are 1 issues (= calls) costing 1 point each. | 1 |
| ○ | [SA] Too many paths (5 paths) - Simplify control structure. There are 5 issues ( = paths) costing 1 point each with a malus of 4 points. | 9 |
| ○ | [SA] Non innermost loop (Outermost) - Collapse loop with innermost ones. This issue costs 2 points. | 2 |
| ►Data Access Issues | 2 | |
| ○ | [SA] More than 20% of the loads are accessing the stack - Perform loop splitting to decrease pressure on registers. This issue costs 2 points. | 2 |
| ►Vectorization Roadblocks | 12 | |
| ○ | [SA] Presence of calls - Inline either by compiler or by hand and use SVML for libm calls. There are 1 issues (= calls) costing 1 point each. | 1 |
| ○ | [SA] Too many paths (5 paths) - Simplify control structure. There are 5 issues ( = paths) costing 1 point each with a malus of 4 points. | 9 |
| ○ | [SA] Non innermost loop (Outermost) - Collapse loop with innermost ones. This issue costs 2 points. | 2 |
| ►Loop 8 - kmeans-clang-O3-ffast-math | Execution Time: 1 % - Vectorization Ratio: 22.22 % - Vector Length Use: 12.85 % | |
| ►Loop Computation Issues | 2 | |
| ○ | [SA] Presence of a large number of scalar integer instructions - Simplify loop structure, perform loop splitting or perform unroll and jam. This issue costs 2 points. | 2 |
| ►Control Flow Issues | 5 | |
| ○ | [SA] Several paths (3 paths) - Simplify control structure or force the compiler to use masked instructions. There are 3 issues ( = paths) costing 1 point each. | 3 |
| ○ | [SA] Non innermost loop (InBetween) - Collapse loop with innermost ones. This issue costs 2 points. | 2 |
| ►Data Access Issues | 2 | |
| ○ | [SA] More than 20% of the loads are accessing the stack - Perform loop splitting to decrease pressure on registers. This issue costs 2 points. | 2 |
| ►Vectorization Roadblocks | 5 | |
| ○ | [SA] Several paths (3 paths) - Simplify control structure or force the compiler to use masked instructions. There are 3 issues ( = paths) costing 1 point each. | 3 |
| ○ | [SA] Non innermost loop (InBetween) - Collapse loop with innermost ones. This issue costs 2 points. | 2 |
[ 4 / 4 ] Application profile is long enough (54.76 s)
To have good quality measurements, it is advised that the application profiling time is greater than 10 seconds.
[ 0 / 3 ] Some functions are compiled with a low optimization level (O0 or O1)
To have better performances, it is advised to help the compiler by using a proper optimization level (-O2 of higher). Warning, depending on compilers, faster optimization levels can decrease numeric accuracy.
[ 0 / 3 ] Most of time spent in analyzed modules comes from functions without compilation information
Functions without compilation information (typically not compiled with -g and -grecord-gcc-switches) cumulate 100.00% of the time spent in analyzed modules. Check that -g and -grecord-gcc-switches are present. Remark: if -g and -grecord-gcc-switches are indeed used, this can also be due to some compiler built-in functions (typically math) or statically linked libraries. This warning can be ignored in that case.
[ 3 / 3 ] Host configuration allows retrieval of all necessary metrics.
[ 0 / 3 ] Compilation of some functions is not optimized for the target processor
Architecture specific options are needed to produce efficient code for a specific processor ( -x(target) or -ax(target) ).
[ 2 / 2 ] Application is correctly profiled ("Others" category represents 0.00 % of the execution time)
To have a representative profiling, it is advised that the category "Others" represents less than 20% of the execution time in order to analyze as much as possible of the user code
[ 1 / 1 ] Lstopo present. The Topology lstopo report will be generated.
[ 0 / 0 ] Fastmath not used
Consider to add ffast-math to compilation flags (or replace -O3 with -Ofast) to unlock potential extra speedup by relaxing floating-point computation consistency. Warning: floating-point accuracy may be reduced and the compliance to IEEE/ISO rules/specifications for math functions will be relaxed, typically 'errno' will no longer be set after calling some math functions.
[ 4 / 4 ] Enough time of the experiment time spent in analyzed loops (73.49%)
If the time spent in analyzed loops is less than 30%, standard loop optimizations will have a limited impact on application performances.
[ 4 / 4 ] Threads activity is good
On average, more than 279.99% of observed threads are actually active
[ 3 / 4 ] CPU activity is below 90% (82.85%)
CPU cores are idle more than 10% of time. Threads supposed to run on these cores are probably IO/sync waiting. Some hints: use faster filesystems to read/write data, improve parallel load balancing and/or scheduling.
[ 4 / 4 ] Loop profile is not flat
At least one loop coverage is greater than 4% (69.97%), representing an hotspot for the application
[ 4 / 4 ] Enough time of the experiment time spent in analyzed innermost loops (69.97%)
If the time spent in analyzed innermost loops is less than 15%, standard innermost loop optimizations such as vectorisation will have a limited impact on application performances.
[ 3 / 4 ] Affinity stability is lower than 90% (80.36%)
Threads are often migrating to other CPU cores/threads. For OpenMP, typically set (OMP_PLACES=cores OMP_PROC_BIND=close) or (OMP_PLACES=threads OMP_PROC_BIND=spread). With OpenMPI + OpenMP, use --bind-to core --map-by node:PE=$OMP_NUM_THREADS --report-bindings. With IntelMPI + OpenMP, set I_MPI_PIN_DOMAIN=omp:compact or I_MPI_PIN_DOMAIN=omp:scatter and use -print-rank-map.
[ 3 / 3 ] Less than 10% (0.00%) is spend in BLAS1 operations
It could be more efficient to inline by hand BLAS1 operations
[ 3 / 3 ] Functions mostly use all threads
Functions running on a reduced number of threads (typically sequential code) cover less than 10% of application walltime (0.02%)
[ 3 / 3 ] Cumulative Outermost/In between loops coverage (3.52%) lower than cumulative innermost loop coverage (69.97%)
Having cumulative Outermost/In between loops coverage greater than cumulative innermost loop coverage will make loop optimization more complex
[ 2 / 2 ] Less than 10% (0.00%) is spend in BLAS2 operations
BLAS2 calls usually could make a poor cache usage and could benefit from inlining.
[ 2 / 2 ] Less than 10% (0.00%) is spend in Libm/SVML (special functions)
| Loop ID | Analysis | Penalty Score |
|---|---|---|
| ►Loop 9 - kmeans-clang-O3-ffast-math | Execution Time: 69 % - Vectorization Ratio: 55.00 % - Vector Length Use: 18.59 % | |
| ►Loop Computation Issues | 6 | |
| ○ | [SA] Less than 10% of the FP ADD/SUB/MUL arithmetic operations are performed using FMA - Reorganize arithmetic expressions to exhibit potential for FMA. This issue costs 4 points. | 4 |
| ○ | [SA] Presence of a large number of scalar integer instructions - Simplify loop structure, perform loop splitting or perform unroll and jam. This issue costs 2 points. | 2 |
| ►Control Flow Issues | 2 | |
| ○ | [SA] Several paths (2 paths) - Simplify control structure or force the compiler to use masked instructions. There are 2 issues ( = paths) costing 1 point each. | 2 |
| ►Data Access Issues | 1 | |
| ○ | [SA] Presence of special instructions executing on a single port (SHUFFLE/PERM) - Simplify data access and try to get stride 1 access. There are 1 issues (= instructions) costing 1 point each. | 1 |
| ►Vectorization Roadblocks | 2 | |
| ○ | [SA] Several paths (2 paths) - Simplify control structure or force the compiler to use masked instructions. There are 2 issues ( = paths) costing 1 point each. | 2 |
| ►Inefficient Vectorization | 1 | |
| ○ | [SA] Presence of special instructions executing on a single port (SHUFFLE/PERM) - Simplify data access and try to get stride 1 access. There are 1 issues (= instructions) costing 1 point each. | 1 |
| ►Loop 7 - kmeans-clang-O3-ffast-math | Execution Time: 1 % - Vectorization Ratio: 0.00 % - Vector Length Use: 8.93 % | |
| ►Loop Computation Issues | 2 | |
| ○ | [SA] Presence of a large number of scalar integer instructions - Simplify loop structure, perform loop splitting or perform unroll and jam. This issue costs 2 points. | 2 |
| ►Control Flow Issues | 12 | |
| ○ | [SA] Presence of calls - Inline either by compiler or by hand and use SVML for libm calls. There are 1 issues (= calls) costing 1 point each. | 1 |
| ○ | [SA] Too many paths (5 paths) - Simplify control structure. There are 5 issues ( = paths) costing 1 point each with a malus of 4 points. | 9 |
| ○ | [SA] Non innermost loop (Outermost) - Collapse loop with innermost ones. This issue costs 2 points. | 2 |
| ►Data Access Issues | 2 | |
| ○ | [SA] More than 20% of the loads are accessing the stack - Perform loop splitting to decrease pressure on registers. This issue costs 2 points. | 2 |
| ►Vectorization Roadblocks | 12 | |
| ○ | [SA] Presence of calls - Inline either by compiler or by hand and use SVML for libm calls. There are 1 issues (= calls) costing 1 point each. | 1 |
| ○ | [SA] Too many paths (5 paths) - Simplify control structure. There are 5 issues ( = paths) costing 1 point each with a malus of 4 points. | 9 |
| ○ | [SA] Non innermost loop (Outermost) - Collapse loop with innermost ones. This issue costs 2 points. | 2 |
| ►Loop 8 - kmeans-clang-O3-ffast-math | Execution Time: 1 % - Vectorization Ratio: 22.22 % - Vector Length Use: 12.85 % | |
| ►Loop Computation Issues | 2 | |
| ○ | [SA] Presence of a large number of scalar integer instructions - Simplify loop structure, perform loop splitting or perform unroll and jam. This issue costs 2 points. | 2 |
| ►Control Flow Issues | 5 | |
| ○ | [SA] Several paths (3 paths) - Simplify control structure or force the compiler to use masked instructions. There are 3 issues ( = paths) costing 1 point each. | 3 |
| ○ | [SA] Non innermost loop (InBetween) - Collapse loop with innermost ones. This issue costs 2 points. | 2 |
| ►Data Access Issues | 2 | |
| ○ | [SA] More than 20% of the loads are accessing the stack - Perform loop splitting to decrease pressure on registers. This issue costs 2 points. | 2 |
| ►Vectorization Roadblocks | 5 | |
| ○ | [SA] Several paths (3 paths) - Simplify control structure or force the compiler to use masked instructions. There are 3 issues ( = paths) costing 1 point each. | 3 |
| ○ | [SA] Non innermost loop (InBetween) - Collapse loop with innermost ones. This issue costs 2 points. | 2 |
| ►Loop 45 - kmeans-clang-O3-ffast-math | Execution Time: 0 % - Vectorization Ratio: 0.00 % - Vector Length Use: 11.61 % | |
| ►Loop Computation Issues | 11 | |
| ○ | [SA] Less than 10% of the FP ADD/SUB/MUL arithmetic operations are performed using FMA - Reorganize arithmetic expressions to exhibit potential for FMA. This issue costs 4 points. | 4 |
| ○ | [SA] Presence of a large number of scalar integer instructions - Simplify loop structure, perform loop splitting or perform unroll and jam. This issue costs 2 points. | 2 |
| ○ | [SA] Peel/tail loop, considered having a low iteration count - Perform full unroll. Force compiler to use masked instructions. This issue costs 5 points. | 5 |
| ►Control Flow Issues | 5 | |
| ○ | [SA] Peel/tail loop, considered having a low iteration count - Perform full unroll. Force compiler to use masked instructions. This issue costs 5 points. | 5 |
| ►Data Access Issues | 12 | |
| ○ | [SA] Presence of indirect accesses - Use array restructuring or gather instructions to lower the cost. There are 3 issues ( = indirect data accesses) costing 4 point each. | 12 |
| ►Vectorization Roadblocks | 12 | |
| ○ | [SA] Presence of indirect accesses - Use array restructuring or gather instructions to lower the cost. There are 3 issues ( = indirect data accesses) costing 4 point each. | 12 |
| ►Loop 43 - kmeans-clang-O3-ffast-math | Execution Time: 0 % - Vectorization Ratio: 26.45 % - Vector Length Use: 12.71 % | |
| ►Loop Computation Issues | 2 | |
| ○ | [SA] Presence of a large number of scalar integer instructions - Simplify loop structure, perform loop splitting or perform unroll and jam. This issue costs 2 points. | 2 |
| ►Control Flow Issues | 7 | |
| ○ | [SA] Presence of calls - Inline either by compiler or by hand and use SVML for libm calls. There are 1 issues (= calls) costing 1 point each. | 1 |
| ○ | [SA] Several paths (4 paths) - Simplify control structure or force the compiler to use masked instructions. There are 4 issues ( = paths) costing 1 point each. | 4 |
| ○ | [SA] Non innermost loop (Outermost) - Collapse loop with innermost ones. This issue costs 2 points. | 2 |
| ►Data Access Issues | 2 | |
| ○ | [SA] More than 20% of the loads are accessing the stack - Perform loop splitting to decrease pressure on registers. This issue costs 2 points. | 2 |
| ►Vectorization Roadblocks | 7 | |
| ○ | [SA] Presence of calls - Inline either by compiler or by hand and use SVML for libm calls. There are 1 issues (= calls) costing 1 point each. | 1 |
| ○ | [SA] Several paths (4 paths) - Simplify control structure or force the compiler to use masked instructions. There are 4 issues ( = paths) costing 1 point each. | 4 |
| ○ | [SA] Non innermost loop (Outermost) - Collapse loop with innermost ones. This issue costs 2 points. | 2 |
[ 4 / 4 ] Application profile is long enough (43.77 s)
To have good quality measurements, it is advised that the application profiling time is greater than 10 seconds.
[ 0 / 3 ] Some functions are compiled with a low optimization level (O0 or O1)
To have better performances, it is advised to help the compiler by using a proper optimization level (-O2 of higher). Warning, depending on compilers, faster optimization levels can decrease numeric accuracy.
[ 0 / 3 ] Most of time spent in analyzed modules comes from functions without compilation information
Functions without compilation information (typically not compiled with -g and -grecord-gcc-switches) cumulate 100.00% of the time spent in analyzed modules. Check that -g and -grecord-gcc-switches are present. Remark: if -g and -grecord-gcc-switches are indeed used, this can also be due to some compiler built-in functions (typically math) or statically linked libraries. This warning can be ignored in that case.
[ 3 / 3 ] Host configuration allows retrieval of all necessary metrics.
[ 0 / 3 ] Compilation of some functions is not optimized for the target processor
Architecture specific options are needed to produce efficient code for a specific processor ( -x(target) or -ax(target) ).
[ 2 / 2 ] Application is correctly profiled ("Others" category represents 0.00 % of the execution time)
To have a representative profiling, it is advised that the category "Others" represents less than 20% of the execution time in order to analyze as much as possible of the user code
[ 1 / 1 ] Lstopo present. The Topology lstopo report will be generated.
[ 0 / 0 ] Fastmath not used
Consider to add ffast-math to compilation flags (or replace -O3 with -Ofast) to unlock potential extra speedup by relaxing floating-point computation consistency. Warning: floating-point accuracy may be reduced and the compliance to IEEE/ISO rules/specifications for math functions will be relaxed, typically 'errno' will no longer be set after calling some math functions.
[ 4 / 4 ] Enough time of the experiment time spent in analyzed loops (63.14%)
If the time spent in analyzed loops is less than 30%, standard loop optimizations will have a limited impact on application performances.
[ 4 / 4 ] Threads activity is good
On average, more than 299.29% of observed threads are actually active
[ 3 / 4 ] CPU activity is below 90% (82.41%)
CPU cores are idle more than 10% of time. Threads supposed to run on these cores are probably IO/sync waiting. Some hints: use faster filesystems to read/write data, improve parallel load balancing and/or scheduling.
[ 4 / 4 ] Loop profile is not flat
At least one loop coverage is greater than 4% (57.52%), representing an hotspot for the application
[ 4 / 4 ] Enough time of the experiment time spent in analyzed innermost loops (58.25%)
If the time spent in analyzed innermost loops is less than 15%, standard innermost loop optimizations such as vectorisation will have a limited impact on application performances.
[ 3 / 4 ] Affinity stability is lower than 90% (80.48%)
Threads are often migrating to other CPU cores/threads. For OpenMP, typically set (OMP_PLACES=cores OMP_PROC_BIND=close) or (OMP_PLACES=threads OMP_PROC_BIND=spread). With OpenMPI + OpenMP, use --bind-to core --map-by node:PE=$OMP_NUM_THREADS --report-bindings. With IntelMPI + OpenMP, set I_MPI_PIN_DOMAIN=omp:compact or I_MPI_PIN_DOMAIN=omp:scatter and use -print-rank-map.
[ 3 / 3 ] Less than 10% (0.00%) is spend in BLAS1 operations
It could be more efficient to inline by hand BLAS1 operations
[ 3 / 3 ] Functions mostly use all threads
Functions running on a reduced number of threads (typically sequential code) cover less than 10% of application walltime (0.03%)
[ 3 / 3 ] Cumulative Outermost/In between loops coverage (4.89%) lower than cumulative innermost loop coverage (58.25%)
Having cumulative Outermost/In between loops coverage greater than cumulative innermost loop coverage will make loop optimization more complex
[ 2 / 2 ] Less than 10% (0.00%) is spend in BLAS2 operations
BLAS2 calls usually could make a poor cache usage and could benefit from inlining.
[ 2 / 2 ] Less than 10% (0.00%) is spend in Libm/SVML (special functions)
| Loop ID | Analysis | Penalty Score |
|---|---|---|
| ►Loop 9 - kmeans-clang-O3-ffast-math | Execution Time: 57 % - Vectorization Ratio: 55.00 % - Vector Length Use: 18.59 % | |
| ►Loop Computation Issues | 6 | |
| ○ | [SA] Less than 10% of the FP ADD/SUB/MUL arithmetic operations are performed using FMA - Reorganize arithmetic expressions to exhibit potential for FMA. This issue costs 4 points. | 4 |
| ○ | [SA] Presence of a large number of scalar integer instructions - Simplify loop structure, perform loop splitting or perform unroll and jam. This issue costs 2 points. | 2 |
| ►Control Flow Issues | 2 | |
| ○ | [SA] Several paths (2 paths) - Simplify control structure or force the compiler to use masked instructions. There are 2 issues ( = paths) costing 1 point each. | 2 |
| ►Data Access Issues | 1 | |
| ○ | [SA] Presence of special instructions executing on a single port (SHUFFLE/PERM) - Simplify data access and try to get stride 1 access. There are 1 issues (= instructions) costing 1 point each. | 1 |
| ►Vectorization Roadblocks | 2 | |
| ○ | [SA] Several paths (2 paths) - Simplify control structure or force the compiler to use masked instructions. There are 2 issues ( = paths) costing 1 point each. | 2 |
| ►Inefficient Vectorization | 1 | |
| ○ | [SA] Presence of special instructions executing on a single port (SHUFFLE/PERM) - Simplify data access and try to get stride 1 access. There are 1 issues (= instructions) costing 1 point each. | 1 |
| ►Loop 43 - kmeans-clang-O3-ffast-math | Execution Time: 1 % - Vectorization Ratio: 26.45 % - Vector Length Use: 12.71 % | |
| ►Loop Computation Issues | 2 | |
| ○ | [SA] Presence of a large number of scalar integer instructions - Simplify loop structure, perform loop splitting or perform unroll and jam. This issue costs 2 points. | 2 |
| ►Control Flow Issues | 7 | |
| ○ | [SA] Presence of calls - Inline either by compiler or by hand and use SVML for libm calls. There are 1 issues (= calls) costing 1 point each. | 1 |
| ○ | [SA] Several paths (4 paths) - Simplify control structure or force the compiler to use masked instructions. There are 4 issues ( = paths) costing 1 point each. | 4 |
| ○ | [SA] Non innermost loop (Outermost) - Collapse loop with innermost ones. This issue costs 2 points. | 2 |
| ►Data Access Issues | 2 | |
| ○ | [SA] More than 20% of the loads are accessing the stack - Perform loop splitting to decrease pressure on registers. This issue costs 2 points. | 2 |
| ►Vectorization Roadblocks | 7 | |
| ○ | [SA] Presence of calls - Inline either by compiler or by hand and use SVML for libm calls. There are 1 issues (= calls) costing 1 point each. | 1 |
| ○ | [SA] Several paths (4 paths) - Simplify control structure or force the compiler to use masked instructions. There are 4 issues ( = paths) costing 1 point each. | 4 |
| ○ | [SA] Non innermost loop (Outermost) - Collapse loop with innermost ones. This issue costs 2 points. | 2 |
| ►Loop 7 - kmeans-clang-O3-ffast-math | Execution Time: 1 % - Vectorization Ratio: 0.00 % - Vector Length Use: 8.93 % | |
| ►Loop Computation Issues | 2 | |
| ○ | [SA] Presence of a large number of scalar integer instructions - Simplify loop structure, perform loop splitting or perform unroll and jam. This issue costs 2 points. | 2 |
| ►Control Flow Issues | 12 | |
| ○ | [SA] Presence of calls - Inline either by compiler or by hand and use SVML for libm calls. There are 1 issues (= calls) costing 1 point each. | 1 |
| ○ | [SA] Too many paths (5 paths) - Simplify control structure. There are 5 issues ( = paths) costing 1 point each with a malus of 4 points. | 9 |
| ○ | [SA] Non innermost loop (Outermost) - Collapse loop with innermost ones. This issue costs 2 points. | 2 |
| ►Data Access Issues | 2 | |
| ○ | [SA] More than 20% of the loads are accessing the stack - Perform loop splitting to decrease pressure on registers. This issue costs 2 points. | 2 |
| ►Vectorization Roadblocks | 12 | |
| ○ | [SA] Presence of calls - Inline either by compiler or by hand and use SVML for libm calls. There are 1 issues (= calls) costing 1 point each. | 1 |
| ○ | [SA] Too many paths (5 paths) - Simplify control structure. There are 5 issues ( = paths) costing 1 point each with a malus of 4 points. | 9 |
| ○ | [SA] Non innermost loop (Outermost) - Collapse loop with innermost ones. This issue costs 2 points. | 2 |
| ►Loop 8 - kmeans-clang-O3-ffast-math | Execution Time: 1 % - Vectorization Ratio: 22.22 % - Vector Length Use: 12.85 % | |
| ►Loop Computation Issues | 2 | |
| ○ | [SA] Presence of a large number of scalar integer instructions - Simplify loop structure, perform loop splitting or perform unroll and jam. This issue costs 2 points. | 2 |
| ►Control Flow Issues | 5 | |
| ○ | [SA] Several paths (3 paths) - Simplify control structure or force the compiler to use masked instructions. There are 3 issues ( = paths) costing 1 point each. | 3 |
| ○ | [SA] Non innermost loop (InBetween) - Collapse loop with innermost ones. This issue costs 2 points. | 2 |
| ►Data Access Issues | 2 | |
| ○ | [SA] More than 20% of the loads are accessing the stack - Perform loop splitting to decrease pressure on registers. This issue costs 2 points. | 2 |
| ►Vectorization Roadblocks | 5 | |
| ○ | [SA] Several paths (3 paths) - Simplify control structure or force the compiler to use masked instructions. There are 3 issues ( = paths) costing 1 point each. | 3 |
| ○ | [SA] Non innermost loop (InBetween) - Collapse loop with innermost ones. This issue costs 2 points. | 2 |
| ►Loop 45 - kmeans-clang-O3-ffast-math | Execution Time: 0 % - Vectorization Ratio: 0.00 % - Vector Length Use: 11.61 % | |
| ►Loop Computation Issues | 11 | |
| ○ | [SA] Less than 10% of the FP ADD/SUB/MUL arithmetic operations are performed using FMA - Reorganize arithmetic expressions to exhibit potential for FMA. This issue costs 4 points. | 4 |
| ○ | [SA] Presence of a large number of scalar integer instructions - Simplify loop structure, perform loop splitting or perform unroll and jam. This issue costs 2 points. | 2 |
| ○ | [SA] Peel/tail loop, considered having a low iteration count - Perform full unroll. Force compiler to use masked instructions. This issue costs 5 points. | 5 |
| ►Control Flow Issues | 5 | |
| ○ | [SA] Peel/tail loop, considered having a low iteration count - Perform full unroll. Force compiler to use masked instructions. This issue costs 5 points. | 5 |
| ►Data Access Issues | 12 | |
| ○ | [SA] Presence of indirect accesses - Use array restructuring or gather instructions to lower the cost. There are 3 issues ( = indirect data accesses) costing 4 point each. | 12 |
| ►Vectorization Roadblocks | 12 | |
| ○ | [SA] Presence of indirect accesses - Use array restructuring or gather instructions to lower the cost. There are 3 issues ( = indirect data accesses) costing 4 point each. | 12 |